The Unique Categorical Imperative of Kant Essay Example for Free

The Unique Categorical Imperative of Kant Essay Morality appears to us as a concrete term which is underscored by certain rational assumptions about the universe. And yet, our own experience tells us that that which one considers to be vice may, to another, be seen as virtue. The reverse may also apply. Thus, it is rather difficult to reconcile that which does in fact define our cause for moral behavior, though all figures of importance to the historical discourse on philosophy have ventured a framework. The 18th century in particular would witness a flurry of activity, with the latter generation of the Enlightenment Era providing a spirited exchange across decades of literature on that which inspires moral behavior. In our investigation here of the various possible lenses through which to understand morality, consideration of German theologian Immanuel Kant’s 1785 Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals provides basic understanding for the discussion of morality from the normative perspective. Such is to say that Kant’s will be the most rigid, socially constrained and dangerous of understandings, but nonetheless, totally unique in its orientation and provisions for its time and place. At the center of Kant’s argument is the premise that the same reason which applies to the empirical nature of scientific discourse must rationally apply in the same way to ethical discourse. His perspective toward scientific certainty would mark a unique and original bridging of worlds between the corporeal and the ideological. Accordingly, Kant contends that â€Å"physics will have its empirical part, but it will also have a rational one; and likewise ethics – although here the empirical part might be called specifically practical anthropology, while the rational part might properly be called morals. † (Kant, 20) To Kant, previous ideals on ethical autonomy are threatening to social order, representing the opportunity for the individual to devise his own ethical parameters. The rationality of scientific practicality denotes, to Kant, instead a heteronomous orientation whereby there is a connective tissue of ethicality common to all men and women, restraining and directing behaviors. Kant defines autonomy as the ability to act based on one’s own volition. Heteronomy, on the other hand, is a common set of social forces inclining individuals to tend toward common motives and common actions. Accordingly, Kant lays out a concise framework for justice, admonishing that â€Å"the categorical imperative, which declares the action to be objectively necessary without referring to any end in view. . . . holds as an apodictic practical principle. † (Kant, p. 18) The ‘categorical imperative’ to which Kant refers is foundational to the normative theory suggesting that there is some immutable force associated with our conception and actualization of the idea of ‘good’ or ‘evil. ’ It inclines us to understanding that the means by which we behave are inherently informed by our commitment to a single, shared and unchanging idea about what is right. To commit to this idea is practical reason and to fail to make this commitment is irrational, which allows Kant to propose that such a positive correlation could be observed between rationality and morality. . This contrasts the idea of utilitarianism, which proposes that all situations demand a certain degree of pragmatism with respect to behavior. This throws into chaos the moral presuppositions of Kant, with such thinkers as Bentham and Mill coming to the fore of the discussion. In utilitarian philosophy, it is imperative that morality be channeled through an understanding of context and the nuances of society human interaction. By contrast to this view of morality, Kant provides deep ideological refusal for what he might argue is mere ethical laxity. Kant presents this argument that moral order is impossible to define without permanent standards that are shaped by man’s dignity, denoting therefore that it is only reasonable to act in cooperation with this conception for one’s own self-preservation. If Kant’s points are to be assimilated when adopting a moral stance which is consistent with man’s dignity, such absolute terms are inevitably defined by dominant social structures, bringing us to the application of a normative theoretical structure. The inextricable relationship which theology and morality have shared throughout history tends to have a tangible impact on the way these hegemonic standards are defined. And Kant, rejects any flexibility outright, however. Beyond its deviation from his established disposition toward moral absolutes, such variation violates Kant’s maxim about man as an end rather than a means. Man is to be the motive for moral acts, with his dignity defining right and wrong. Indeed, as he pointedly phrases it, â€Å"the laws of morality are laws according to which everything ought to happen; they allow for conditions under which what ought to happen doesn’t happen. † (Kant, 1) To my view, this demonstrates Kant’s approach to be both unrealistic and unattractive to the nuance and flexibility of human social systems and individual ideological orientations. Absent of these characteristics, ethicality becomes an empty term and morality a weapon against minority ideologies. Works Cited: Kant, Immanuel. 1785. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Jonathan Bennett. Preferred language style: English(U. S. ) A. Explain the originality uniqueness of Kants ethical theory by:1)explaining kants general critcism of previous ethical theories 2)defining how kant distinguishes between autonomy heterononmy 3)explaining kants formulation of the `catergorical imperative. ` 4)explaining how adherence to the categorical imperative provides for autonomous ethical choice. B. Reflect on Kants ethical theory by:1)supporting a position on how kants theory on ethical decision making is correct or incorrect with personal thought. 2)supporting your position with evidence from the text

Neurological Effects of MSG

Neurological Effects of MSG Abstract Due to evolving since in fields such as food science pharmacology, pediatrics, medical psychology, and toxicology, various food additives have come under a sharp review. In the medical field, a controversy has been ranging as to whether MSG should be used at all since diverse research case studies have not only shown its negative effects on health in general but also its neurological effects. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) has been used as a flavorant in the food industry for close to one hundred years in foods consumed by the masses daily. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies MSG as a food ingredient that is considered generally safe for use by the public, a number of researches such as by Schwartz have shown that it is harmful to the users health and should therefore be banned. Glutamate is naturally found in foods such as milk, poultry, meat and vegetables. Further, the body naturally produces glutamate which is essential for the nervous system. However, syntheti c manufacture has been proven to be harmful. This study purposefully outlines such effects on the nervous sytem and serves to support other recent findings against the use of MSG. Introduction MSG is a food additive that is found in most of the commercial foods. It improves the flavor of the food hence attracting customers. In itself, there is no value addition in terms of nutrition. It actually does nothing to food, but to the eater it is detrimental to their health. MSG is referred to as an excitotoxin or neurotoxin. This is the case since it widely involves the neuroscientists field in that it has degenerative and deadly effects on the brain and the nervous system. MSG actually over stimulates the brain neurons to exhaustion leading to their death. MSG goes to the brain through the membranes in the mouth and the throat. It also enters the blood stream through the digestion of food in the digestive system. MSG will trick the brain to thinking that it is getting value from the foods that are being taken in. MSG is not natural in nature. It is manmade from glutamic acid which is an amino acid which is found in complete proteins. Amino acids do occur naturally from many pla nts and animal tissues. The artificially created types of Amino acids are processed through the breakdown and the change of the natural form of glutamate. Some of the natural substances used for this purpose are molasses, grain starches and corn. The manipulation process produces various form of glumate. The d-glumate is never found naturally. The free glumates could enter the body 8 to 10 times faster than the bound or the natural glumates. Natural glumate is found in foods like tomatoes, milk and the mushrooms. The commercial methods or techniques used to manufacture glumate were not in use until the 1960s. The MSG in use today is not at all natural Literature review The current research shows that MSG is the cause of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers Huntingtons, Parkinsons and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscientists, such as Adriene, have explained that MSG attacks the blood-brain barrier of the brain cells which is responsible for protection and regulation of the delicate chemical exchange within the brain cells. The chemical exchange process is normally well balanced and its functionality is unquestionable. Under normal conditions also the brain and the body immune system handles all kinds of pollutants, diseases and stress. A very small amount of toxic substance can actually cause the brain call to over react leading to excessive exhaustion and death (Samuels). MSG is one of the major excitotoxins and is widely known to cause damage to the brain part that governs or controls other systems in the human body. The damage will probably appear as a disorder in the nervous system and the endocrine system. This can be manifested in the cases of unusual sleeping patterns, persistent hunger and food cravings. This usually leads to obesity. MSG is also known to cause migraine headaches, behavioral disorders, asthma attacks, depression, heart irregularities, arthritis, sinus problems and digestive problems (Anglesey). MSG is a neurotoxin that takes a very short time to create a widely diverse and dramatic effect on the human body. An individual may take a mild dosage of a prescription drug and have mild effects which may even be favorable. However, another person may take the same prescription drug and instead, get depressed, have stomach disorders, a swollen tongue and aching joints. The different parts of the brain do govern various body functions. The part which is attacked will directly depend on the brain part that has been attacked by the excitotoxin. If for example a person has had a head injury, a genetic pinch in a given part of the brain, has had a fever that is attacking parts of the brain, or even has had a stroke, then it is certain that the part of the brain that has been affected will be due to the toxins. Some of the foods that are sold are sold as weight loss promotions to the people. When food substances such as fat and sugar are removed from the foods, MSG together with aspartame is usually added. These excitotoxins are known to cause obesity and irregular heartbeats in many people. FDA usually allows the labeling of MSGS as natural flavors, hydrolyzed proteins and autolyzed yeast when used as just a component ingredient in an additive and not purely MSG. Americans today are consuming 160 million pounds of MSG per annum. A toxicologist and an author by the name Dr, George Schwartz claims that two table spoons of MSG on a piece of bread could kill a medium sized dog within a minute. The FDA in the year 1995 claimed that no one can react to less than 3 grams of MSG per meal. However, despite their confirmation, they have warned that MSG should be avoided by children, pregnant or lactating women, the elderly and those who suffer Asthma. A highly sensitive individual can react even to less than a gram of MSG (Blaylock). Effects and Related disorders Research has shown that in the late 1950s, an estimated amount of 12 grams per person per year of MSG was used by the Americans. Looking at the same issue today, the estimate has shot to between 400 and 500 grams per person per year. This is an amount that needs evaluation by FDA. (Anglesey) The wide usage of MSG came in the mid 1970s. It gained much popularity with producers of food through the 1980s. Two powerful excitotoxic food additives that took the food industry by storm were the MSG and aspartame. MSG has been widely associated with a wide range of diseases, symptoms and complaints. As earlier stated, it affects the neurological system of the body. The same ailments are today being reported to be on their rise. Often the ailments are quite unexpected and hard to explain either. Neorological effects of MSG and statistics of interest published by national organizations have been listed here-in. Fibromyalgia: this is a growing epidemic. Its patients eliminated MSG and aspartame during the study conducted by Florida University which reported complete relief of symptoms in 2001. However, the most cognitive study was carried by Smith, Shmidt and Guns who sought to prove the link between Fibromyalgia and MSG with several other additives as a common rheumatologic disorder. In this case, 4 patients were diagnosed for 2-17 years with fibromyalgia syndrome. However, they had undergone various modalities of treatment while failing to consider MSG as the causative agent. After eliminating aspartame and MSG from their diets, complete or near complete resolution of symptoms diagnosed were recorded within months. In this case analysis, the subjects were women who had multiple comorbidities and recurring symptoms after the ingestion of MSG. It is therefore indicative that t he excitotoxins, present in substances such as Aspartate and MSG, become excitatory neurotransmitters once ingested, and if consumed in excess can lead to neurotoxicity. These 4 patients may therefore represent this fibromyalgia syndrome and act as a link to conclusively establish a link to MSG. Therefore, persistent studies, if carried out on a larger sample, might serve to link the fibromyalgia syndrome to MSG and aspartame more concretely (Murray). Further, a study posted in MSGTruth.org is instrumental in linking MSG to pituitary adenomas. MSG overstimulates the hypothalamus which consequently leads damage on the neurons. The hypothalamus is responsible for directing the pituitary glands actions, which is also referred to as the master gland since it in turn directs all other glands in the body and their actions such as metabolism, development of sex and reproductive organs and other key development functions. Statistics have shown that 25% of Kenyans develop a pituitary adenoma in the course of their lives. However, studies linking pituitary adenomas to MSG are inconclusive. Some studies had previously depicted this as a genetic disorder but have however been proven wrong. About half of the pituitary adenomas secrete prolactin. Prolactinomas vcan become extremely large over time to crowd the optic nerve thereby affecting vision. It is however detected early in women since it interferes with menses and stops ovulation. This prevents conception or pregnancy in general. Further, since prolactin is responsible for lactation, secretion can cause lactation in the victim even if they were never pregnant or even if they are male. Hence, men with these adenomas develop breasts which have the capacity to secrete milk. Unlike in women who are forewarned by the effects on vision or associated headaches, this condition is deadly in men since the tumor can only be detected when it is large and dangerous. Further, research records by most governments are only kept for cancerous tumors while benign tumor, such as in this case, are neglected hence making it the more difficult not only to research on especially as to its link to aspartine and MSG but also to treat. Trea tment is very expensive. There are only two treatments with Dostinex, a carbegoline, is normally preferred which costs approximately $ 30 a tablet. Therefore, there is a need to sponsor more research as to the link to MSG and brain tumors (Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) and Aspartame). Other effects that have been attributed to MSG and its neurological disorders are headaches and migraines, asthma, obesity among others. In headaches and migraines: an approximate amount of $ 2.2 billion per year are being spent on drugs which treat headaches. This chronic condition has received a 74% increase from the years 1980 to 1990. Secondly, Asthma has been linked to MSG and related to the brain effects. According to statistics there was a decline of asthma until the mid-eighties. Since then however, there has been a recorded 100% increase in the rate of death among the children and the seniors. This incidence has increased 600% in the last 10 years. FDA has identified that the uncontrollable asthma can be caused by MSG, unfortunately no further measures are taken to deal with the situation. Defects of birth and disorders of production: MSG has been identified as a mutagen i.e. mutates fetuses. It is said to cause damage to the intellectual development, reproduction, growth pa tterns and the gonadal functions. However, such research has not been concrete. Other effects are neurological or emotional disorders. Laboratory studies have shown devastating effects on brain development. This includes autism, attention deficit, dyslexia, hyperactivity, violent episodes or rage, panic attacks, depression, paranoia, seizures and cerebral palsy. Rats were used for this study. However, human beings are 5 times more sensitive to MSG than rats. Obesity too has been linked to MSG and the nervous system. This is the most consistent effect of excitotoxins exposure and can be termed as a growing problem that does not respect age or sexual boundaries. In fact scientists uses glumate to feed animals used in the laboratories with an aim of inducing obesity. MSG will trigger insulin or adrenalin or fat storage or even a food craving response. This actually depletes the serotonin levels which in turn trigger headaches, depression and fatigue and also leads to food cravings. Finally, it is vital to note the following maladies and diseases are also attributed to MSG. Heart maladies: for the Americans, more than 70 million of them do suffer one or more forms of cardiovascular disease. 43% of all deaths in America are related to this same problem. Cardiovascular operations in the US went up with 287% from the year 1980 to 1990. Alzheimers disease: in the 1980s, this disease was nowhere among the highly identifiable health threats. It is however ranked third in todays statistics after cancer and heart disease. There are 4 million people afflicted by the disease at a cost of $47,000 per person per year in healthcare costs. Parkinsons, ALS, MS and the Huntingtons diseases like Alzheimers are all progressively growing neurogenic diseases that show brain and nerve cell damage. There are also other symptoms of MSG sensitivity that include swollen throat and tongue, joint pain, skin disorders, sleeping disorders, burning, tightness of the face or its redness, vert igo and gastrointestinal complaints. This subject of disorders in behavior for children is becoming a common discussion among professionals. The Studies that are already done have widely associated the violent behavior, attention deficits and emotional instability to chemical imbalances occurring in the brain. The reason that young brains are developing the blood-brain barrier, it is now becoming an extreme possibility that there will be early damage caused by excitotoxins. In April 1994, a time magazine article confirmed the rising problem of behavioral disorders. The magazine stated that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was not in existence 15 years ago. It is however said that it is now affecting 3.3 million American children. This magazine article quotes a prominent research which 10 years ago stated that symptoms of ADHD and ADD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) vanished with maturity. Today however, ADD is now the fastest growing diagnostic category for the adults. The combination of excitotoxins i.e. MSG and aspartame came into wide usage in the 1980s. The drug sale rate for these disorders has shot up by almost 400% in a period of 4 years only. MSG is now a known mutagen. Its damage occurs in the womb as chemicals pass from the womb of the mother into the blood system of the fetus. The old people do show high vulnerability rates to the progressive neuro-generative diseases. An example of such diseases is Alzheimers.

Mba Y De La Educación Ejecutiva

Mba Y De La Educacià ³n Ejecutiva Publicado: Sà ¡bado, 14 de febrero de 2009 a las 06:00 Las escuelas de negocios replantean la enseà ±anza de valores tras la crisis y los fraudes recientes; la actual debacle econà ³mica es la primera que protagonizan los graduados de estos programas. expansion Estafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusià ³n. (Foto: Jorge Garaiz)Estafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusià ³n. (Foto: Jorge Garaiz) ARTà CULOS RELACIONADOS IPADE e ITAM, los mejores MBA en 2009 La escuela de negocios de la Universidad Panamericana corona de nuevo el ranking de Expansià ³n. MBA de Harvard lidera ranking global 6 escuelas de EU, 3 inglesas y una espaà ±ola son la mà ¡s prestigiadas en la lista 2009 de Expansià ³n. Los mejores MBA de Mà ©xico 2008 El IPADE es la mejor opcià ³n para estudiar una Maestrà ­a en Administracià ³n de Negocios en el paà ­s Los mejores MBA globales 2008 El Master de Stanford es el ganador del ranking de Expansià ³n 2008 y Harvard le pisa los talones OTROS ENLACES enfoques Testimonios y tips enfoques 17 opciones en Mà ©xico Por: Gustavo Stok y Marco Appel BUENOS AIRES/BRUSELAS — La crisis puso en evidencia las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y de su formacià ³n. Mientras asimilan el daà ±o a su imagen, las escuelas de negocios empiezan a debatir y ensayan cambios en sus programas y mà ©todos de enseà ±anza. La sucesià ³n de escà ¡ndalos financieros, desde las acusaciones al CEO de Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld Jr, por el presunto ocultamiento de informacià ³n sobre el estado financiero del banco, hasta la estafa por unos 50,000 MDD de Bernard Madoff, ex presidente del Nasdaq, revigorizà ³ una discusià ³n que no es nueva. â€Å"Esta reflexià ³n sobre la importancia de la à ©tica, del gobierno corporativo y de la responsabilidad social ya nos la hemos hecho cuando se produjo la debacle de Enron y las puntocom. Pero no fue suficiente: al cabo de unos aà ±os, volvimos a las andadas†, dice Joan Fontrodona, director del departamento de Ética de la IESE Business School, la escuela de direccià ³n de la Universidad de Navarra, en Barcelona. No obstante, el gran cambio para las escuelas de negocios es que, a diferencia de lo que sucedà ­a hace casi una dà ©cada, esta discusià ³n sobre la à ©tica ejecutiva ya no constituye un mero ejercicio intelectual reflejado en casos de anà ¡lisis. Ahora, encontrar respuestas es una necesidad imperiosa para limitar los daà ±os a la imagen de los centros de estudios. Esa necesidad fue uno de los motores que impulsaron a mà ¡s de 250 decanos de escuelas de negocios de todo el mundo a reunirse por primera vez el 6 de diciembre pasado en la sede de las Naciones Unidas, en Nueva York, para discutir cà ³mo pueden enseà ±ar a las nuevas generaciones de là ­deres corporativos el valor global de la responsabilidad social. El Global Forum for Responsible Management Education tiene su origen en una iniciativa de varias escuelas que arrancà ³ en 2007, cuando la crisis financiera ya era un hecho. â€Å"Inclusià ³n y economà ­a global sustentable son palabras nuevas en las escuelas de negocios; hay que volverlas habituales†, dijo en aquel encuentro à ngel Cabrera, presidente de la Thunderbird School of Global Management y titular de la fuerza de tarea internacional que delineà ³ los principios à ©ticos que se difundieron en esa reunià ³n. Cambios en marcha A fines de noviembre pasado, Harvard publicà ³ una profunda investigacià ³n sobre cuà ¡l es el futuro de los MBA y de la educacià ³n ejecutiva. El informe, en el que participaron 30 decanos de las escuelas mà ¡s prestigiosas del mundo, pone sobre la mesa tres cuestiones que los centros de estudios deberà ­an incluir en sus programas para hacer frente a los desafà ­os actuales: globalizacià ³n, enseà ±anza experimental y desarrollo del liderazgo. Este à ºltimo à ­tem es, precisamente, uno de los dà ©ficits que dejà ³ mà ¡s en evidencia la crisis. Los especialistas sostienen que, en los à ºltimos aà ±os, buena parte de los MBA girà ³ hacia un tipo de educacià ³n calificada en el à ¡mbito cuantitativo, pero sin una buena formacià ³n en las llamadas ‘habilidades blandas.  ¿Resultado? Carencia de là ­deres con capacidad para gestionar, comunicar y solucionar problemas mà ¡s allà ¡ de sus funciones. A esto se sumà ³ la tendencia creciente a formar directivos cuya exclusiva preocupacià ³n pasa por otorgar beneficios a los accionistas, y lograr para sà ­ mismos los jugosos incentivos. â€Å"Con la crisis actual hemos quebrado tambià ©n una idea acerca del objetivo de las escuelas de negocios†, dijo Edward Freeman, profesor de Ética de la Darden School of Business, de la Universidad de Virginia, en un panel, el pasado 24 de septiembre. â€Å"Lo que hacen es capacitar a los estudiantes para convertirlos en especialistas funcionales, pero por lo que deberà ­an estar preocupadas, antes que nada, es por entender cà ³mo formar là ­deres que generen valor para los consumidores, proveedores, trabajadores, la comunidad y tambià ©n para los inversionistas. Esos elementos van unidos, no separados. Si yo fuera profesor de Finanzas, me sentirà ­a humillado porque da la impresià ³n que hicimos mal las cosas†. Las escuelas de negocios estadounidenses que vieron salir a sus egresados de Lehman, Merril Lynch y otras firmas en crisis, no accedieron a las solicitudes de entrevista formuladas por Expansià ³n. Harvard no respondià ³ los pedidos, en NYU Stern seà ±alaron que tenà ­an â€Å"otras prioridades urgentes que atender† y desde Wharton invitaron a consultar el anà ¡lisis realizado sobre el origen de la crisis financiera en su pà ¡gina de internet. Ética y catarsis En Amà ©rica Latina, las principales escuelas de negocios creen que los ajustes en sus programas y mà ©todos de enseà ±anza no serà ¡n tan profundos como los que se esperan en EU.  ¿La razà ³n? â€Å"(en Amà ©rica Latina) la preocupacià ³n por temas à ©ticos ya habà ­a sido consistente en los à ºltimos aà ±os†, dice Leonidas Montes, profesor de Economà ­a, Instituciones e Ideas Polà ­ticas y Ética de los Negocios de la Universidad Adolfo Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez, en Santiago de Chile. En todo caso, en tiempos de crisis, la apuesta pasa por fortalecer las discusiones de corte formativo, de à ©tica y balance de vida. En Mà ©xico, el IPADE, que siempre se ha enfocado en los valores, lo està ¡ haciendo mediante el anà ¡lisis de casos emblemà ¡ticos. Uno de ellos es el de Vicente, un financiero egresado de esta escuela, de 32 aà ±os, con voracidad por el dinero, que duerme poco, toma medicamentos y està ¡ distanciado de su esposa y amigos. â€Å"Todo eso conforma una problemà ¡tica oculta, de la que no se habla con los jefes. A veces porque los mismos jefes son ‘Vicentes que tienen a cargo a otros ‘Vicentes. La crisis econà ³mica es consecuencia de esos individualismos, de los problemas de personas y grupos de personas†¦ y a ese tipo de gente se le ha formado en las escuelas de negocios†, dice Carlos Alejandro Armenta Pico, profesor de Ética del IPADE. Ademà ¡s de Vicente, esta institucià ³n trabaja con otros casos paradigmà ¡tic os, como el de un ejecutivo enredado en un sistema que premia al que trabaja 16 horas por dà ­a, entre otros ejemplos. En Argentina, el IAE Business School, en tanto, incluyà ³ en su oferta una serie de seminarios utilizados para catarsis de los ejecutivos. â€Å"En tiempos de crisis, los tres grandes ejes temà ¡ticos de las escuelas de negocios debieran ser valores à ©ticos, gobierno corporativo y, el mà ¡s importante, cà ³mo motivar a la gente en situaciones como la crisis†, dice Josà © Marà ­a Corrales, profesor y director del à ¡rea acadà ©mica de Sistemas de Direccià ³n y Control del IAE, en Buenos Aires. â€Å"La escuela (†¦es) tambià ©n el à ¡mbito para que altos directivos hagan una suerte de catarsis, compartir experiencias. Hay mucha inquietud, mucha desazà ³n, y eso està ¡ generando una alta demanda en los seminarios†. Los especialistas advierten que esto tendrà ¡ efectos globales. â€Å"Los MBA no tendrà ¡n la misma influencia si se les ve como boletos automà ¡ticos a ciertos empleos†, comenta Philippe Haspeslagh, decano de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, en Bà ©lgica. En tanto, para el argentino Claudio Fernà ¡ndez Arà ¡oz, socio de la firma de cazatalentos Egon Zehnder Internacional, una de las consecuencias pasarà ¡ por imponer criterios mà ¡s rigurosos de seleccià ³n del personal. â€Å"La demanda de los MBA no deberà ­a disminuir, si bien las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as tendrà ¡n que ser mucho mà ¡s cuidadosas y selectivas en sus contrataciones†, dice. Avaricia y falta de à ©tica, ausencia de liderazgo e individualismo. La crisis dejà ³ al desnudo las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y, por extensià ³n, de su formacià ³n. â€Å"Nos guste o no, las escuelas de negocios nos veremos afectadas () Eso sà ­, es probable que, en primer tà ©rmino, se observe mà ¡s hacia las escuelas estadounidenses, mà ¡s enfocadas en finanzas†, comenta Camino de Paz, directora ejecutiva de programas MBA de la IE-Instituto de Empresa Business School, en Espaà ±a. Las escuelas europeas, incluso, esperan que crezca el interà ©s por estudiar en Europa por sobre EU. A Katia Muà ±oz Serrano le ofrecieron una beca para estudiar un MBA en Boston, â€Å"pero lo rechacà © porque culturalmente no encontraba valor agregado en Estados Unidos†, dice. Ella escogià ³ la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School porque era la à ºnica que tenà ­a un enfoque en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Las escuelas europeas confà ­an en que casos como à ©ste se multipliquen e intentan marcar distancias con las estadounidenses. â€Å"Hay una gran diferencia entre las escuelas que orientan sus MBA a una enseà ±anza mà ¡s amplia del management, y las otras que llamamos ‘fà ¡bricas de MBA, que està ¡n dirigidas a (satisfacer) a Wall Street o Londres: mà ¡s de 60% de los estudiantes de MBA està ¡n trabajando en el sector financiero†, seà ±ala Haspeslagh, de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School. â€Å"El prestigio de nuestras escuelas podrà ­a verse un poco menos daà ±ado que el de las estadounidenses, y aunque todavà ­a es muy pronto para determinar si mà ¡s candidatos latinoamericanos van a volver la vista a las escuelas europeas, si el debate y la polà ©mica sobre los valores crecen, es posible que haya mà ¡s interesados en Latinoamà ©rica por nuestras escuelas†, prevà © Camino de Paz, de la IE.

The Mind of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Mind of Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut is one of the preeminent writers of the later half of the twentieth century. His works are all windows into his mind, a literary psychoanalysis. He examines himself as a cog in the corporate machine in "Deer in the Works"; as a writer through the eyes of Kilgore Trout in several works; and most importantly, as a prisoner of war in Slaughterhouse-Five. Vonnegut created short stories and novels that dealt with events in his life. One of the most obvious self examinations is in "Deer in the Works". The short story is based on his experiences as a publicist at the General Electric Company Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. "Deer in the Works" takes place over two days in the life of David Potter as he begins his employment at the Ilium Works of the Federal Apparatus Corporation. He is assigned to cover a deer trapped in a remote corner of the Works. Potter gets lost in the Works himself and feels just as trapped as the deer. He eventually frees the deer and escapes the works to return to his newspaper. Vonnegut felt trapped like Potter does, and left General Electric in 1951 to write full time. Before World War II, Vonnegut was enrolled at Cornell University studying biochemistry. He was surrounded by scientists and machines and as a result, his first literary works were based on that influence. Vonnegutà ¸s early writings were not accepted as serious, mainstream literature due to their scientific nature. He was considered a science fiction writer by literary critics. That label caused him to be largely ignored. He created the character Kilgore Trout, a science fiction writer, to... ...hort-term events like that. Dresden was astonishing, but experiences can be astonishing without changing you" (Reed 776). Despite these claims to the contrary, the experiences at Dresden had always played a large part in his writings. His experiences have always shaped what Kurt Vonnegut has written. He said to his brother, Bernard, that he wrote for an audience of one, his dead sister; but he truly wrote for himself. He wrote about his experiences as a prisoner in Slaughterhouse-Five, as a publicist in a major corporation in "Deer in the Works", and as a writer through the character Kilgore Trout. Vonnegut examined his thoughts through the eyes of David Potter, Kilgore Trout, and Billy Pilgrim. His works are all deeply personal windows into the psyche of Kurt Vonnegut.

Lord :: essays research papers

The Lord is my Shield This is a psalm of David, when he fled from Absalom his son. It is obvious, on the face of it, that the work is a collection. A number of separate poems, the production of different persons, and belonging to perhaps by several distinct editors and have been united into a volume, which has been accepted by the Jewish and later by the Christian church as one of the books of the holy scripture . The poems seem originally to have been, for the most part quite separate and distinct; each is a whole in itself; and most of them appear to have been composed for a special object, and on a special occasion. The Psalter, as the Book of Psalms is often called, is actually a collection of different kinds of poetry spanning many centuries of history (from c. 1100 BC to 400 BC ) and reaching essentially its present form around 300 BC . Occasionally, but very seldom, one psalm seems linked to many other psalms. The purpose of the psalms was well expressed by David when he instituted hymns in Israel. He appointed the Levites â€Å"to record and to thank and praise the Lord God of Israel†(1 Corinthians 16:4). The book of Psalms is a record of petitions, thanksgiving, and praise to God by His people. As such it has brought comfort, encouragement, and blessing to God’s people throughout the ages. Every human emotion is covered in these hymns of aspirations to God. The historical background to the psalm is described in 2 Samuel 15-17. Though David petitioned in verse 7, Arise, O Lord; save me, it is clear from 2 Samuel 15:32-37 that David shrewdly sent his friend Hushai back to Jerusalem to deceive Absalom. David used other means but trusted only in God. We can describe it first as based in history, second in an allegorical sense, and lastly in a moral sense . The historical sense is clear from its title which is when he was fleeing from the face of his son Absalon, as is treated of at 2 Kings 15 - David's son, Absalon, persecuting his father, desired to kill him. Dav id yielded to him, leaving Jerusalem on foot with his household. There are two words that tend to draw the readers attention in this passage of scripture. Those two words are shield and enemy.

Celebrity Influence Essay

Teens and Celebrities Teenagers often turn to their favorite celebrities for guidance in their every day lives. Celebrities have become more mainstream role models for teens as their images and lifestyles are normally splashed across television, movies, magazines and all throughout pop culture. Teens that try to emulate their favorite celebrities may select good role models or bad ones that can be positive or negative for teens. Problems with teens linked to celebrities include: †¢Teen behaviors resulting in celebrity influence †¢Self esteem and body images issues for teens Teens, Celebrities and Behavior Many teens will try to mirror their favorite celebrities. While sometimes these role models can be good for teens, in today’s day and ag e, many celebrities uphold standards the average Joe can’t live up to. Sometimes that behavior is also dangerous such as drug abuse or partying excessively. Celebrities promote behaviors that are not always positive for teenagers to see on a daily basis. Celebrities Promoting Drinking To Teens In television, movies and magazines, celebrities are often portrayed drinking heavily or in excess. This can be harmful to teens that pick up on these behaviors and think it is normal to drink excessively like their favorite celebrity. Often times, the celebrity is not the best role model, turning to drinking without realizing their fans, in large part teens, are watching and taking notes. Drug Abuse By Celebrities Almost every other day, a celebrity is in trouble with the law in terms of drug abuse or addiction. Teens see their favorite movie stars or singers doing drugs and they think they should too. Celebrities often cultivate behaviors that are bad, such as drug addiction, and make teens believe these lifestyles to be cool and exciting. Celebrity Influence On Teen Image Many teens become curious about their own image when they see their favorite singers or celebrities throughout magazines, TV shows or in films. Teens normally like to have a role model they can turn to for how to dress, look and act. However, these role models are not always cultivating the best body images and self esteem for teens and it’s important for you to recognize that. Teen Self Esteem When a teen is constantly inundated with picture perfect images of their favorite celebrities, they can often feel the weight of trying to live up to airbrushed images. Movie stars and musicians are often portrayed as perfect, which can in turn make a teenager feel inadequate. Self-esteems in teens can plummet if they are always faced with living up to such perfection. Teen Body Image The norm among celebrities when it comes to body image and weight is often super skinny and unrealistic. Teens that don’t look like their favorite celebrities often try to lose weight or dress like their celebrity role models. Problems such as anorexia and bulimia can develop when a teenager is trying to look like a celebrity. A teen’s perception of their own body image can often turn drastically different than it actually may be with a celebrity’s influence and it can be hard for you to feel as though you’re content to be who you are with those pressures; but you need to overcome those effects that celebrities have on you.

Covering Ignorance

In â€Å"The New Civil Rights†, Kenji Yoshino proposed that change is needed in our current civil rights. In recent discussion of civil rights, one issue has been seen that minorities are â€Å"covering† or toning down a disfavored identity to fit into the mainstream (Yoshino 479). On the one hand, some argues that â€Å"covering† is a vital part for a fluid social interaction and peaceful coexistence. From this perspective, we can see that the Yoshino’s â€Å"new civil rights† that should be based to individual rights rather than groups can have a drastic change in how our society functions (Yoshino 481).On the other hand, Yoshino argues that a â€Å"new civil rights† is needed for harnessing individual authenticity rather than to assimilate in group identities. In Steve Olson’s essay he said that Hawaii is a â€Å"melting pot of racial cultures† where races are almost indistinguishable because of the history of intermarriage b ut still these people chose to affiliate themselves differently than others (Olson 251). According to this view even with the lost of distinction between racial groups in Hawaii they still affiliate themselves to different groups to distinguish from the other groups.By looking at Yoshino’s paradigm of â€Å"new civil rights†, we can see that while its goal of â€Å"liberty† is commendable, it is dependent on individuals that will give action which is impractical. We can in sum, then, the issue is finding an effective way to help all citizens’ exercise their civil rights or will it be just a lost cause because we will remain ignorant of the issue. In Marc Maurer’s â€Å"Creating Disability Rights† Maurer said â€Å"they themselves the disabled are the primary agents of change† (Maurer 6).Maurer wanted to change the view of the judicial court about how the disabled are being discriminated and not being protected by the civil rights, but again like Yoshino’s idea, Maurer needs the people to see the issue and act upon it which can cause people to ignore it. I myself didn’t really give too much thought about these matters because I lack knowledge in these issues about civil rights. I suppose there is some degree of demand necessary in order to provoke or encourage a social change but because today’s society is like water in that it always seems to take the path of least resistance.If there is any obstruction it will simply go around. Most people don’t want their lives interrupted by pressing issues like gay or civil rights. They are viewed as obstructions. To maintain social flow, insistence for change by the struggling groups will be largely ignored and the norm of society will use assimilation as its justification vehicle, resulting in covering. In order to change, â€Å"we must be willing to see the dark side of assimilation, and specifically covering, which is the most widespread form of assimilation required of us today. (Yoshino 480) This statement elaborates on the idea that change will occur when society is educated enough to realize the identity assassination that occurs with assimilation, and also be willing to realize it rather than ignore. Education, as it has in the past, will be the best way for social change to occur. Urging change will always encounter resistance, where education will cause improvement. In this way the modern school can play a positive role in advancing this complicated society of ours toward a future in which all kinds of people are both valued and respected.